The Principle of Academic Freedom and Its Peculiarities in the Context of Globalization

Abstract

Purpose – implementation of a comprehensive historical, theoretical and comparative legal analysis of features and patterns of understanding, structuring, legal consolidation and practical implementation of the principle of academic freedom in the context of globalization processes in the educational sphere. Methodology: in the process of research, methods of historical-theoretical and comparative analysis, interdisciplinary integration, theoretical modeling and forecasting, as well as other methods of scientific cognition were used. Basic content. On the basis of a rational legal approach to understanding freedom as a socio-legal scale setting the boundary of behavioral activity of two or more formally equal and mutually responsible entities that independently determine and realize corresponding rights and obligations, the principle of academic freedom is formulated, its genesis and features of modern perception are bein shown. The practice of legislative consolidation and practical embodiment of academic freedom in the modern Russian educational environment is analyzed. The most significant problems associated with the "entry" of Russian education into an international educational format are highlighted, recommendations are made to optimize this area of  public relations. Conclusions. The definition of freedom as a means and space of social communication based on the formal equality of the actors involved and the corresponding nature of mutual rights and obligations is formulated. The stages of the genesis of freedom in relation to the cyclogenesis of the Western state are considered. The pattern of the transformation of the collective freedom of the political organization into the individual freedom of bourgeois society is revealed and analyzed. The definition of academic freedom is developed as a subjective possibility of independent voluntary choice of the educational format, implemented both at the individual (academic freedom of teachers and students) and at the collective (academic freedom of educational institutions) levels. Prospects are defined for the introduction and practical implementation of the principle of academic freedom in the modern Russian educational system, which demonstrates on the one hand the desire to integrate into the global globalization process, and on the other hand, which maintains a tendency to localization, due to the tradition of opposing Russia and the West inherited from Soviet education.