Issues of Translating Russian Legal Texts into Foreign Languages

Abstract

Each text is translated based on its topic. General, specialized, official, legal and commercial texts are among the most used translated texts. A translator who translates legal texts must have sufficient skills in this field and be aware of the legal laws of both countries. Legal translation is one of the most difficult translations possible. The smallest mistake in the translation of legal documents can have irreparable effects. The article is devoted to the study of one of the most difficult problems of word formation in the Russian language, in the solution of which the authors rely on the linguistic tradition and adhere to the positions of the Kazan linguistic school. The object of the research is nouns with a zero suffix with the meaning of an acting person (nomen agentis) in Russian. The purpose of the research is to show deep internal connections of some lexemes with a group of words, systemic relationships between various word-formative groups. The study was carried out within the works of historical lexicology and historical word formation and implements two goals: identification of systemic relationships between different word-formation groups; consideration of the history of some words and groups of words in etymological and comparative aspects. The main research methods include: theoretical analysis of scientific literature, the method of language analysis, structural and semantic analysis of language material, comparative and statistical methods. Nouns with a zero suffix with the meaning nomen agentis include nouns with the meaning of an active producer of an action, nouns in which a person is defined as an object of action from the outside, nouns with a meaning of positive and negative qualities. Nomen agentis can denote both the occasional producer of an action and a person who performs an action frequently or constantly. Consideration of the peculiarities of formations of zero suffixation with the meaning of a person during the XI-XX centuries allows us to assert that the productivity of zero suffixation in the formation of nouns with the meaning of a person decreases. The analysis of linguistic facts makes it possible to present a long and difficult way of development of names with the meaning of an acting person in Russian and Slavic languages.